Gurudev Sri Sri Ravi Shankar: The Art of Living, Sudarshan Kriya, and His Global Peace Legacy
The Indian spiritual teacher who built a global movement around breath, meditation, human values, volunteer service and the conviction that inner peace must become social peace.
Canonical name: Sri Sri Ravi Shankar | Born: May 13, 1956 | Editorial status: Living authority profile | Last reviewed: October 2026
His central architecture is simple: reduce stress in the individual, widen the sense of belonging, and turn that inner shift outward through service, dialogue and nonviolence.
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar at a glance
Field | Record |
Born | May 13, 1956, Papanasam, Tamil Nadu, India |
Primary roles | Spiritual teacher, humanitarian leader, meditation teacher, peace advocate and founder of The Art of Living |
Education | Official biographies say he studied both physics and Vedic literature; a 2026 U.S. Congressional Record tribute notes physics study at St. Joseph's College in Bangalore |
Art of Living | Founded in 1981; current official material says active programs in 182 countries |
Signature practice | Sudarshan Kriya, a rhythmic breath-based meditation practice developed around the founding period of Art of Living after a ten-day period of silence in Shimoga |
Founding-year note | Art of Living sources differ on whether Sudarshan Kriya emerged in 1981 or 1982; the organization itself was founded in 1981 |
IAHV | International Association for Human Values founded in 1997 for peacebuilding, sustainable development and human-values work |
Current global scale | Art of Living currently reports 10,000+ centers, 38,000+ trained teachers and more than one billion lives touched; these are organization-reported figures |
Prison programs | Current prison-program materials report 800,000+ participants across correctional settings worldwide |
Peace work | Involved in dialogue efforts in Colombia, Iraq, Kashmir and India; appointed in 2019 to a Supreme Court-monitored mediation panel in the Ayodhya dispute |
Colombia | Met President Juan Manuel Santos and FARC leaders in 2015; Art of Living and IAHV credit the intervention with encouraging a nonviolent shift, while the peace process itself involved many actors |
Padma Vibhushan | Awarded by the Government of India in 2016 for spiritualism |
World Culture Festival | Art of Living's 2016 Delhi festival became both a global cultural showcase and a long-running environmental controversy over the Yamuna floodplain |
2026 Supreme Court ruling | On August 22, 2026, the Supreme Court set aside the NGT liability order against the organizing entity and directed refund of the ₹5 crore deposit |
Research | Sudarshan Kriya has been studied in randomized and observational research for stress, burnout, PTSD and cardiometabolic outcomes, with evidence strength varying considerably |
Current age | 70 in 2026 |
Current activity | Official late-2026 schedule includes Egypt, Minsk, Munich, Limassol and Bengaluru programs |
Self Help Flowers category | Living spiritual teacher | Breathwork | Meditation | Human values | Peacebuilding | Service | Interfaith | Global spiritual movements |
Self Help Flowers: Sri Sri Ravi Shankar and the architecture of inner peace
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar built one of the world's largest contemporary spiritual movements around a proposition that is both personal and political. A stressed mind produces a different society from a peaceful mind. The current Art of Living describes its mission as creating a stress-free, violence-free society through breathwork, meditation, yoga, human values and service.
That formula reveals the structure of Ravi Shankar's work. The practice begins inside the body, especially with the breath. It then expands into relationship, community, service, conflict resolution and public life. For Self Help Flowers, that widening circle is the key contribution. He did not build only a meditation school. He built a volunteer system designed to convert spiritual experience into social participation.
The child-prodigy narrative belongs to the official biography
Art of Living's official biography says Ravi Shankar was born in southern India in 1956, recited the Bhagavad Gita at a young age and studied Vedic literature alongside physics.
Those childhood accounts are movement biography and should be presented as such rather than turned into hagiographic proof of destiny. The more historically important point is what the adult teacher chose to do with that formation. He translated Indian spiritual vocabulary into short practical formats designed for people with jobs, families, prisons, military service, trauma and public responsibility.
1981 created the institution
The Art of Living organization says it was founded in 1981 as an educational and humanitarian nonprofit. Current material describes more than four decades of global service, thousands of centers and tens of thousands of trained teachers. Those numbers are self-reported organizational metrics, not audited unique-person counts. The structural fact is nevertheless clear: a teacher-centered spiritual movement developed a replicable instructor network able to deliver programs across national and cultural boundaries. That network is one reason Ravi Shankar's influence extends far beyond audiences who have personally met him.
Sudarshan Kriya became the engine
The signature practice is Sudarshan Kriya, a rhythmic breathing sequence that Art of Living places at the center of its programs. The organization's own pages differ slightly on the exact year of origin. Some say the technique emerged in 1981, others say 1982, after a ten-day period of silence in Shimoga, Karnataka. The discrepancy is small but worth preserving because authority pages should not flatten inconsistent source records. The stable point is that Sudarshan Kriya emerged at the very beginning of Art of Living and became the practice through which the movement scaled.
The breath is used as a bridge between emotion and choice
Ravi Shankar's teaching repeatedly treats breath as a point of access to the nervous system and emotional state. Everyone already knows intuitively that breathing changes with fear, grief, anger and relief. The spiritual intervention reverses the direction: if emotion changes breath, deliberate breathing may also change the experience of emotion. That makes the breath attractive as self-help technology because it is portable, immediate and does not require equipment. The important boundary is medical: a breath practice can be studied as an intervention, but it should not be advertised as a universal cure.
The research record is now substantial enough to examine seriously
Sudarshan Kriya has moved beyond testimonial literature into peer-reviewed research. A 2024 randomized clinical trial in JAMA Network Open involving 129 physicians reported improvements in stress, depression, anxiety and several burnout measures compared with stress-management education. A separate randomized non-inferiority trial in U.S. veterans found Sudarshan Kriya was not clinically inferior to cognitive processing therapy on the primary PTSD symptom measure through the study's follow-up windows.
Those findings are meaningful because they use active or randomized comparison designs rather than relying only on self-selected testimonials. They still do not justify sweeping claims that one breathing technique is equivalent to all psychiatric treatment for all people.
The 2026 cardiometabolic review is a useful reality check
A 2026 systematic review examined twenty-one studies involving 1,716 participants and found possible improvements in lipid profiles and blood pressure, but graded certainty low or very low for several major outcomes. Fourteen of the included studies were rated weak quality. That conclusion is exactly the kind of nuance a serious profile should preserve. There is enough evidence to justify continued research. There is not enough to turn every wellness claim into settled medical fact.
The best description is complementary practice, not replacement medicine
Research on veterans, physicians and clinical populations suggests Sudarshan Kriya may be useful in some contexts. That is different from telling a person to replace psychotherapy, medication, medical diagnosis or emergency treatment with breathwork.
A responsible spiritual ecosystem should make that distinction easy to understand. The research becomes more credible, not less, when its limits stay visible.
Inner peace is only half the formula
If Art of Living had ended at meditation courses, Ravi Shankar would still be an important modern breathwork teacher. The larger project is human values. Love, belonging, service, compassion, enthusiasm and nonviolence are treated as capacities that become easier to express when stress is reduced. This creates a two-part theory of change: regulate the individual, then mobilize the individual. The second half is why volunteerism is so central to the movement.
Service turns spiritual benefit outward
Ravi Shankar frequently uses the Sanskrit word seva for service. The idea is that spiritual practice should not terminate in private well-being. A calmer person becomes useful.
Through Art of Living social programs and the International Association for Human Values, the movement has worked in disaster response, rural development, education, prisoner rehabilitation, environmental projects and conflict settings.
The scale of individual projects varies, and the movement's aggregate impact numbers should be treated as organizational reporting. The architecture itself is clear: meditation is positioned as preparation for citizenship.
IAHV created a second institutional arm
In 1997, Ravi Shankar founded the International Association for Human Values, designed around peacebuilding, human values, sustainable development and humanitarian work.
The existence of a separate institution matters. It allows the spiritual movement and the social-service movement to overlap without being identical. That distinction became especially important in conflict-resolution work, where dialogue, trauma relief and reconciliation operate in settings more complex than a standard meditation course.
The prison program is one of the clearest examples of the model
The Art of Living Prison Program reports more than 800,000 participants in correctional settings and has operated for more than three decades. The program uses breathwork, meditation, stress management and reflective exercises with incarcerated people, correctional staff and others in the justice system. Ravi Shankar's underlying philosophy is that destructive behavior often grows from stress, trauma, ignorance and constricted identity. That is not the same as denying responsibility for crime. The rehabilitative idea is that accountability and transformation are more likely when a person develops enough emotional regulation to choose differently.
The social claim should be separated from outcome evidence
Prison-program websites publish encouraging participant surveys and transformation stories. Those are useful indicators of experience but not equivalent to independently controlled recidivism research. The important editorial distinction is between program reach, self-reported outcomes and hard criminal-justice endpoints. A movement can be doing meaningful rehabilitation work without every impact claim being equally proven.
Disaster relief built a three-stage model
Art of Living describes a three-stage disaster-relief model combining immediate material aid, trauma-relief programs and longer-term rehabilitation. The approach reflects Ravi Shankar's overall worldview: external reconstruction and internal recovery should happen together. Food, shelter and medicine address immediate needs. Breath and community practices are offered for stress. Longer-term projects focus on homes, sanitation, roads, schools and livelihoods. The model is conceptually coherent even when the effectiveness of individual interventions must be assessed project by project.
Peace diplomacy is the most ambitious extension of the teaching
Ravi Shankar's peace work takes the personal logic of de-escalation and places it inside political conflict. Listen before demanding. Lower emotional temperature. Widen identity. Find shared human interests. Create enough internal space for a different choice. That sounds similar to his individual teaching because it is. The question is how far spiritual authority can actually influence armed or political conflict.
Colombia is the most prominent case
In 2015, Ravi Shankar met then-President Juan Manuel Santos and members of the FARC peace delegation. IAHV's peacebuilding account says he urged FARC leaders to pursue social goals through Gandhian nonviolence and later supported reconciliation and trauma-relief work. Contemporary PTI reporting also described him as playing a role in efforts around the peace process. The safe historical formulation is contribution, not authorship.
The Colombian peace process involved the government, FARC, Cuban and Norwegian facilitators, international institutions, victims' groups and many years of negotiation.
Ravi Shankar was one participant in that much larger architecture.
His method in Colombia was explicitly Gandhian
Art of Living and IAHV accounts say Ravi Shankar encouraged FARC representatives to continue pursuing social justice without armed violence. That is spiritually consistent with the movement's stress-free, violence-free mission. It also reveals the core of his peace philosophy: do not necessarily abandon the cause, but change the method of struggle. The distinction matters because nonviolence without justice can become passivity, while justice without restraints can become endless retaliation.
Ayodhya shows the limits as well as the reach of spiritual mediation
In March 2019, India's Supreme Court appointed Ravi Shankar to a three-person mediation panel in the Ayodhya title dispute alongside retired Justice F. M. I. Kalifulla and senior advocate Sriram Panchu. The appointment itself is significant: a spiritual leader was asked to participate in a formal, court-monitored effort around one of India's most sensitive religious disputes. The mediation did not produce a final binding settlement. The later Supreme Court judgment resolved the title dispute judicially. That outcome should remain visible because peacebuilding should not be rewritten as success every time dialogue occurs.
Dialogue can still matter when it does not settle the case
A mediation can fail to produce agreement and still reveal what spiritual leadership can contribute: symbolic legitimacy, trust across communities, emotional access and willingness to speak outside adversarial legal language. It can also reveal the limits of charisma. Some conflicts require law, evidence, constitutional procedure and institutional authority beyond the reach of a guru.
The World Culture Festival embodied the movement's ideal of one human family
In March 2016, Art of Living staged the World Culture Festival on the Yamuna floodplain in Delhi. The organization's event archive describes tens of thousands of artists and participants from more than 150 countries in a mass celebration of cultural diversity.
The philosophical message was straightforward: difference does not have to threaten belonging. The environmental controversy that followed made the event one of the clearest examples of how symbolic scale can collide with ecological governance.
Use an official Art of Living wide-stage image together with a neutral caption noting the event's cultural ambition and subsequent Yamuna floodplain litigation.
The Yamuna controversy lasted a decade
Environmental petitioners argued that construction and event activity damaged an ecologically sensitive floodplain. In 2017, the National Green Tribunal held the organizing entity responsible for restoration costs and connected a ₹5 crore deposit to rehabilitation work. Art of Living disputed the finding for years.
On August 22, 2026, the Supreme Court judgment set aside the NGT's 2017 order and directed the Delhi Development Authority to refund the ₹5 crore deposit. The Court said there was no direct reliable evidence establishing that the event itself caused the alleged floodplain damage. The ruling also left DDA's broader responsibility for Yamuna rehabilitation undisturbed.
The 2026 ruling closes one legal question, not every ecological question
A Supreme Court reversal is important and should update older profiles that still repeat the 2017 liability finding as though it remained final. It does not mean floodplain protection was unnecessary, or that large events in fragile ecosystems require no environmental scrutiny. The precise conclusion is narrower: the specific NGT liability order against the Art of Living-associated entity was set aside, and the deposit was ordered returned. That kind of legal precision is exactly what an authority profile should preserve.
The movement's scale is extraordinary and difficult to audit from the outside
Current Art of Living figures report operations in 182 countries, more than 10,000 centers, more than 38,000 trained teachers and more than one billion lives touched. Those figures describe the organization's own view of its reach. They should not be combined with older 370-million, 450-million or 800-million figures as though all were measured the same way. Growth metrics change; definitions also change. What is independently visible is that Art of Living has built one of the most geographically distributed modern Indian spiritual networks.
2026 itself is a milestone year
A September 2026 entry in the U.S. Congressional Record recognized Ravi Shankar in his seventieth year and noted forty-five years of humanitarian and spiritual service through Art of Living. The recognition was an individual congressional tribute, not a federal award. It is still a useful current marker: the teacher who founded a small organization in 1981 is now operating inside a mature global institution with its own training systems, relief projects, peacebuilding programs and international political relationships.
The late-2026 schedule shows the teacher is still in motion
The official 2026 tour schedule lists an October journey in Egypt, programs in Minsk, a live Sudarshan Kriya and Happiness Festival in Munich, events in Limassol and further discourse programs in Bengaluru. At seventy, Ravi Shankar remains an active traveling teacher rather than a legacy figure represented mainly by archived recordings. That matters for search and authority maintenance because the profile is still a living page. Schedule, reach, health and institutional facts need periodic updates.
The books preserve a spoken teaching culture
Much of Ravi Shankar's publishing grows from talks, question-and-answer sessions and weekly knowledge notes. An Intimate Note to the Sincere Seeker developed from weekly notes circulated beginning in 1995. The collection Celebrating Silence gathers material from those early years rather than functioning like a conventional argument written chapter by chapter. This resembles other oral spiritual traditions where the archive grows from discourse rather than from a planned literary career. The books are useful not because they create a rigid doctrine, but because they preserve compact observations that can be applied to relationships, work, emotion, service and spiritual practice.
Knowledge and wisdom are deliberately separated
A recurring Ravi Shankar distinction is between information in the head and wisdom lived in experience. That distinction helps explain why Art of Living places such emphasis on practice. A person can understand a breathing technique intellectually without having practiced it. A person can agree that compassion is good without behaving compassionately under stress. Spiritual knowledge becomes meaningful only when it changes conduct.
Belonging is the social counterpart of meditation
Ravi Shankar repeatedly emphasizes expanding identity. Family, nationality, religion and political affiliation matter, but they become dangerous when they are the largest circle a person can imagine. The larger identity is human. This is the emotional logic behind World Culture Festival, interfaith dialogue and peace initiatives: reduce the psychological distance between groups before trying to resolve the argument between them.
Interfaith work is built around celebration rather than sameness
The movement does not argue that religions are identical. It emphasizes that spiritual traditions can maintain their distinct forms while recognizing shared human values. This is closer to pluralism than to theological merger. The practical goal is social: difference should become a reason for curiosity and celebration rather than violence.
His optimism can be both strength and vulnerability
Ravi Shankar's public style is light, humorous and confident. That helps difficult material feel workable. It can also create the impression that serious problems have simpler solutions than they really do. Breathwork cannot negotiate a treaty by itself. Meditation cannot replace environmental law. Human-values education cannot erase structural inequality without policy, resources and institutional change. The strongest version of his work treats inner transformation as one layer of a larger response, not the whole response.
The evidence-aware reading is also the most generous reading
It is not necessary to accept every organizational metric, every health claim or every peacebuilding narrative at face value to recognize what Ravi Shankar built. He created a global system in which personal practice and public service are intentionally linked. That is a real contribution. The discipline for readers is the same one required for every large spiritual movement: distinguish the practice from the promotion, the evidence from the aspiration, the founder from the institution and influence from proof.
The works, practices and institutions that define the Sri Sri Ravi Shankar archive
Work / institution | Period | Why it matters |
The Art of Living | 1981-present | The central global organization delivering breathwork, meditation, human-values programs, service and cultural initiatives. |
Sudarshan Kriya | Early 1980s-present | The signature rhythmic breathing practice that became the core experiential technology of Art of Living programs. |
International Association for Human Values | 1997-present | The peacebuilding, humanitarian and sustainable-development arm associated with the wider movement. |
Prison Program | 1990s-present | Breathwork and rehabilitation programming for incarcerated people, correctional staff and justice-system settings. |
Calamity relief | Current | A three-stage approach combining material aid, trauma relief and long-term rehabilitation. |
Colombia peace work | 2015-2016 | Dialogue with political and FARC leaders and subsequent reconciliation work within a much larger national peace process. |
Ayodhya mediation panel | 2019 | Court-appointed mediation role in one of India's most sensitive religious title disputes. |
World Culture Festival | 2016 | Mass cultural event celebrating diversity that also generated a decade of Yamuna floodplain litigation. |
Supreme Court Yamuna ruling | 2026 | Set aside the 2017 NGT liability order against the organizing entity and ordered refund of the ₹5 crore deposit. |
An Intimate Note to the Sincere Seeker | Knowledge-note archive | A large body of weekly practical spiritual guidance circulated from 1995 onward. |
Celebrating Silence | Knowledge compilation | A widely read collection of short teachings drawn from the early weekly knowledge notes. |
Commentaries on sacred texts | Ongoing | Teachings on the Ashtavakra Gita, Yoga Sutras, Shiva Sutras, Upanishadic and devotional texts. |
Global teacher network | Current | Art of Living reports more than 38,000 trained teachers and more than 10,000 centers worldwide. |
2026 global tour | Current | Egypt, Belarus, Germany, Cyprus and Bengaluru programs show continued active teaching at age 70. |
Proof of work
Evidence | Record |
Founder | Founded The Art of Living in 1981. |
Global organization | Current official materials report programs in 182 countries. |
Teacher infrastructure | Art of Living currently reports more than 38,000 trained teachers and more than 10,000 centers. |
Signature practice | Sudarshan Kriya became the core breath-based practice taught through Art of Living programs. |
Clinical research | Randomized studies have examined SKY for physician burnout and PTSD symptoms, with positive results in defined populations. |
2026 systematic review | A review of 21 cardiometabolic studies found possible benefits but low or very-low evidence certainty for several outcomes. |
IAHV | Founded the International Association for Human Values in 1997. |
Prison rehabilitation | Program materials report more than 800,000 participants. |
Colombia | Met national and FARC leaders during the peace process and supported nonviolence and reconciliation efforts. |
Ayodhya | Served on a three-member Supreme Court-monitored mediation panel in 2019. |
Padma Vibhushan | Awarded by the Government of India in 2016 for spiritualism. |
World Culture Festival | Art of Living staged a large multinational culture event in Delhi in 2016. |
2026 Supreme Court ruling | The Supreme Court set aside the NGT's 2017 Yamuna-liability order and directed refund of the ₹5 crore deposit. |
Current milestone | A September 2026 Congressional Record tribute recognized his 70th year and 45 years of service. |
Active teacher | Late-2026 official schedule shows continuing international travel and teaching. |
How to begin with Sri Sri Ravi Shankar
Begin with the official explanation of Sudarshan Kriya if you want to understand why breath is the engine of the movement. Read An Intimate Note to the Sincere Seeker if you prefer short teachings that can be opened at almost any point rather than a linear philosophical argument. Use Celebrating Silence if you want the early knowledge-note style in a compact collection. If the public-service dimension interests you more than the guru biography, explore IAHV Peacebuilding, the Prison Program and the movement's disaster-relief model.
Why Sri Sri Ravi Shankar matters now
Breathwork is now everywhere. Apps teach it. Therapists use it. athletes use it. wellness brands sell it. research labs study it. Ravi Shankar's significance is that he built one of the largest institutional systems around breath before breathwork became a mainstream wellness category. More importantly, he did not frame the breath as the final destination.
The destination is a human being with enough inner stability to serve, reconcile, cooperate and participate in society with less violence. That is an ambitious claim. Its value is strongest when spiritual optimism remains partnered with research, law, environmental responsibility and honest institutional accountability. The breath may be the beginning. The life built after the breath is the real test.
The Self Help Flowers salute
Flowers for the teacher who turned the breath into a doorway, and then kept asking what kind of world might be built by people who walk through it.
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, we honor the scale of the experiment: millions learning to pause, breathe, meditate, serve and widen the circle of belonging. We honor the volunteers who entered prisons, disaster zones, villages and conflict settings carrying the idea that human beings are more than the worst thing they have done or the fear they are currently feeling.
We honor the peace tables, the cultural gatherings, the laughter, the interfaith work and the conviction that spirituality becomes incomplete when it ends in private comfort.
We also honor the discipline of evidence and accountability that every global spiritual movement requires. These flowers are for breath becoming belonging.
Source record and verification notes
Reader-facing paragraphs contain contextual hyperlinks. Keep this source record as the editor-facing verification layer, especially for research, peacebuilding, court history and current 2026 scale claims.
Art of Living: current organization overview: https://www.artofliving.org/us-en/about-us/art-of-living
Art of Living India: current overview: https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/about-us/
Official Gurudev biography: https://www.artofliving.org/ph-en/about-us/gurudev
Official Art of Living biography: https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/srisriravishankar
Official Gurudev current site: https://gurudev.artofliving.org/
Official 2026 tour schedule: https://gurudev.artofliving.org/tour-schedule/
Sudarshan Kriya overview: https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/about-us/sudarshan-kriya/what-is-sudarshan-kriya
Alternate official Sudarshan Kriya origin page: https://www.artofliving.org/uk-en/origin-sudarshan-kriya
PubMed: physician burnout RCT: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38294813/
PubMed: veterans PTSD non-inferiority trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36008059/
PubMed: 2026 cardiometabolic systematic review: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42000083/
PubMed: early veterans randomized study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25158633/
VA Whole Health PTSD evidence page: https://www.va.gov/wholehealth/professional-resources/clinician-tools/library-research-articles/PTSD.asp
IAHV Colombia peacebuilding: https://iahv-peace.org/colombia/
IAHV human rights and peacebuilding: https://www.iahv.org/in-en/what-we-do/human-rights-peace-building
Supreme Court Observer: Ayodhya mediation order: https://www.scobserver.in/reports/m-siddiq-mahant-das-ayodhya-title-dispute-sc-order-mediation/
Indian Express: 2019 Ayodhya mediation context: https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mediation-in-ayodhya-dispute-sri-sri-ravi-shankar-5617045/
World Culture Festival archive: https://www.artofliving.org/world-culture-festival/Home
Supreme Court 2026 Yamuna judgment text: https://indiankanoon.org/doc/30300427/
Bar & Bench: 2026 Yamuna ruling summary: https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/supreme-court-orders-refund-of-5-crore-fine-paid-by-art-of-living-over-yamuna-floodplains-damage
Padma Awards 2016 Gazette: https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/notifications/PadmaAwards/2016.pdf
Art of Living Prison Program: https://www.prisonprogram.org/
Art of Living India prison rehabilitation: https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/prisoner-rehabilitation
Art of Living calamity relief: https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/calamity-relief
Art of Living impact report: https://www.artofliving.org/sites/www.artofliving.org/files/wysiwyg_imageupload/India%20Impact%20Report%20-%20Assured%20by%20KPMG.pdf
An Intimate Note to the Sincere Seeker: https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/books/why-you-should-buy-intimate-note-to-sincere-seeker
Celebrating Silence: https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/wisdom/quotes/celebrating-silence-quotes
U.S. Congressional Record tribute, September 2026: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2026-09-24/pdf/CREC-2026-09-24-pt1-PgE978-5.pdf
